Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht landac.geo@uu.nl +31 30 253 13 63

GLTN | Vacancies

The Global Land Tool Network (GLTN) is recruiting two  Land and Natural Resources experts (P-4 level). The focus of this position is to support the coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the country level work of the GLTN, focusing on priority countries in Africa.

Required is an advanced university degree (Master’s degree or equivalent) in land administration and management, social sciences or related area. A first university degree with a combination of two years professional and academic qualifications may be accepted in lieu of the advanced degree.

These posts are located in the GLTN Unit of the UN-Habitat, in Nairobi.

The detailed vacancy announcement is available on the UN Careers Portal on this link: https://careers.un.org/lbw/jobdetail.aspx?id=56198 from where the application can be made. The deadline for applications is 26 March 2016.

More available on the GLTN website: http://gltn.net/index.php/vacancies/672-programme-management-officer-human-settlements-p4

Petition: Indigenous leaders’ initiative for the Long March to Rome

The Long March to Rome was born of a series of discussions held between Dr David Close, Dr Sandra Evers and David J. MacKinnon in Vancouver British Columbia during early Spring, 2014. Further discussions and meetings with numerous hereditary chiefs, elders and interveners representing First Nations groups in Canada and the United States led to a growing consensus that a petition should be presented to Pope Francis I, asking that he revoke the two papal bulls Romanus Pontifex (1455) and Inter Caetera (1493) as contrary to modern international law, and as violations of the basic human rights of aboriginal peoples worldwide.

A petition has now been launched in support of the Long March to Rome.

More information about the initiative can be found here: http://longmarchtorome.com

The petition can be signed here: https://www.change.org/p/pontifical-council-for-justice-and-peace-message-for-pope-francis-if-you-believe-in-equality-revoke-the-papal-bulls

 

LANDdialogue | Publication: Strengthening land rights for women – inspiring examples of interventions supported by the Netherlands

As part of the Land Governance – Multi-stakeholder Dialogue (LG-MSD), organised by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a booklet was published which highlights inspiring examples of interventions for strengthening land rights for women. The booklet presents cases and examples of interventions supported by the Netherlands and was the response to a call for inspiring practical example of interventions that show how important and catalytic strengthening of land rights for women can be. The collection of 14 stories can be accessed online: STRENGTHENING LAND RIGHTS FOR WOMEN. The publication also features photographs of journalist Kadir van Lohuizen, made in Mozambique upon the request of ActionAid.

18 March 2016: LANDac Masterclass at the World Bank Conference Land & Poverty

World Bank Conference on Land & Poverty 2016

Scaling up responsible land governance

Masterclass: Multi-stakeholder dialogue in land governance: lessons learned and ways forward

Room MC C2-131

 

On Friday 18 March, LANDac and its partners are organizing a Masterclass on experiences and lessons learned regarding multi-stakeholder approaches in land governance.

 

The question ‘Under what conditions can foreign and domestic agribusiness contribute to food security and inclusive and sustainable development in Africa, Asia and Latin America?’, framed the launch of the LANDforum in 2013, a Netherlands-hosted think tank comprised of private sector representatives, policy makers, practitioners and researchers from a number of selected countries. The main objectives of the Forum were: facilitating the systematic exchange of information between countries over an extended period; facilitating dialogue between people from different countries and sectors that ordinarily do not interact; allowing for a comparative approach within a mix of ‘target’ countries and ‘investor’ countries, including south-south relationships. After three years, the LANDforum has yielded a number of important practical insights, which will be presented in this Masterclass:

 

(1) Based on the LANDforum and other MSD approaches in the Netherlands, including LANDac and a dialogue chaired by the Minister for Foreign Trade and Development Cooperation (involving key corporate and Dutch public partners, research institutes and NGOs who work on land-related issues) we will discuss the questions: what is the utility of MSDs in improving land governance? What are models for productive exchange and collaboration? How to achieve real changes on the ground through MSD approaches?

 

(2) The LANDforum showed a shared interest among sectors in inclusive business. Whereas inclusive business as a response to adverse effects of large-scale investments in agriculture is a theme that has recently become integral to donor and government development strategies (even more so in the context of SDGs), there is insufficient understanding of the social performance of different types of inclusive businesses in different contexts. Also, there is often lack of critical reflection on whether and to what extent and under what conditions inclusive businesses are in fact inclusive. This reduces the capacity of inclusive development strategies to deliver impacts at scale and raises a second key question of the LANDforum and to be discussed in this Masterclass: What is the impact of inclusive business on local development, including food security?

 

(3) Most attention in current debates has departed from a private sector point of view: how to make businesses more inclusive (through CSR, government policies, civil society participation etc.). By creating a level playing field, the LANDforum has provided an important platform for sharing ideas about the importance of community-based ideas: What do we know about grass-roots investment initiatives?

 

This Masterclass shows experiences with MSDs and presents and discusses the main outcomes of these processes in the Netherlands. Participants will learn about practical tools for working in MSDs, and will be informed about the main issues coming out of the processes. With MSD becoming an integral part of land governance related projects and programmes this provides useful guidance and practical ideas for researchers, policy makers and practitioners. The Masterclass prepares for the design of a second phase of the LANDforum and aims to involve participants during this Masterclass in the process.

 

A roundtable setting will be used to optimize interaction. The Masterclass is kickstarted with a 30-minute presentation and discussion on the lessons emanated from the LANDforum. In the subsequent 60 minutes, five LANDforum members will facilitate discussions on the three questions posed above.

 

This roundtable is based on collaborative efforts between Dutch and international experts in a range of developing countries.

 

More information about the Conference: World Bank Conference Land & Poverty

01/03/2016 News LANDac 2016 Annual Land Conference

 

The first panel descriptions of panels that are being organized in the context of the 2016 LANDac Annual Land Conference can be found here: panels. In the coming months we will continue to update the information about the conference, including programme and key note speakers. So stay tuned for more news!

Online (Dutch): UU Studium Generale lezing ‘Land te koop’

Annelies Zoomers (IDS Utrecht University/ Chair of LANDac) and Barbara van Paassen (Hoofd beleid en campagne ActionAid) gaven op 24 februari een lezing in het kader van de UU Studium Generale reeks over voedselzekerheid. De lezing is online terug te zien via deze link: https://www.sg.uu.nl/nieuws/2016/land-te-koop

 

Hieronder een blog over de lezing, van Rick Berends, programmamakers Studium Generale:

Land te koop

Veel ontwikkelingslanden hebben de verkeerde keuze gemaakt door hun land te verkopen aan buitenlandse investeerders. De rampzalige gevolgen hiervan zijn nu te zien in Ethiopië.
Er komt een hongersnood aan in Ethiopië. De komende maanden zullen miljoenen ondervoed raken. Tegelijkertijd stuurt het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken uitnodigingen rond aan zakenlui voor een handelsmissie naar het land. Daarin zetten ze Ethiopië neer als ‘land of opportunities’. Hoe kunnen deze twee pijnlijke waarheden naast elkaar bestaan?

TULPEN UIT ADDIS ABEBA
De voedselzekerheid is laag in Ethiopië. De landbouwgrond die er is, wordt niet gebruikt voor het verbouwen van voedsel, maar voor bloemen of oliepalmen. En als er grond gebruikt wordt voor het verbouwen van voedsel, dan is dit voor de export. De oorzaak hiervan ligt in de ‘global landrush’ die in 2008 ontstond.

Prof. dr. Annelies Zoomers (Ontwikkelingsstudies, UU) legt in de serie Voedsel voor morgen uit wat er gebeurde. Door stijgende olieprijzen, droogtes en toenemende vraag vanuit Azië stegen de voedselprijzen hard in korte tijd. Zoomers: “Landen met veel kapitaal maar weinig landbouwgrond zoals de Golfstaten, Zuid-Korea, Japan en China begonnen zich zorgen te maken over het onderhoud van hun bevolking. Er ontstond een grote stroom van investeringen vanuit die landen richting Afrika om zelf voedsel te gaan verbouwen op land wat door de lokale bevolking niet productief werd gebruikt.”

Een nieuwe vorm van ‘offshore landbouw’ dus, waar ook de Europese landen en de Verenigde Staten aan meededen. Het ging hierbij om miljoenen hectare grond. Ethiopië was niet het enige land in Afrika waar deze investeringen plaatsvonden. Ook in Tanzania, Mozambique en Ghana werd land opgekocht. Op deze grond kon geen voedsel voor de eigen bevolking verbouwd worden met voedselonzekerheid als gevolg.

Zo komt het dat Nederlandse bedrijven bloemen telen in Ethiopië. Maar ook onze vraag naar biobrandstoffen voor groene energie en investeringen in natuurbehoud vertaalden zich naar ‘land grabbing’, het opkopen van land in ontwikkelingslanden door buitenlandse investeerders. Bijvoorbeeld voor het verbouwen van oliepalmen om biobrandstoffen te produceren. Wat duurzaam is voor het klimaat, is dus niet per se goed voor de mens. De ‘opportunities’ waar het Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken over spreekt, kunnen dus andermans ramp betekenen.

LEGAAL MAAR UNFAIR
De term ‘land grabbing’ klinkt negatief. Het lijkt op ‘grijpen’ misschien zelfs op ‘stelen’. Maar Zoomers nuanceert dit beeld en benadrukt dat overheden zoals die van Ethiopië zelf gekozen hebben voor deze strategie: “Wat wij ‘land grabbing’ noemen is het gevolg van beleid dat daar werd gevoerd.” De Ethiopische overheid kampte met een snelgroeiende bevolking en gebrek aan werkgelegenheid. Ze hoopten met de verkoop van grond meer economische voorspoed te brengen. En er is verbetering in de situatie. De Wereldbank heeft landgebruik hoog op de agenda gezet en er zijn richtlijnen en afspraken gemaakt. Het gaat dus te ver om te spreken van nieuw kolonialisme.

Bovendien is de urbanisatie een sterke kracht in landen als Ethiopië, Tanzania en Ghana. Mensen willen naar de stad. Die breidt uit en door die uitbreiding wordt landbouwgrond opgeslokt. De stad wordt dus ook ‘land grabber’. In de stad is echter te weinig werkgelegenheid. De baantjes zijn tijdelijk en slecht betaald, zodat de voedselonzekerheid in stand blijft.

LAND IS LEVEN
Barbara van Paassen, hoofd van Beleid en Campagne bij ActionAid, illustreert de ontwikkelingen met een persoonlijk verhaal. Halima uit Tanzania verloor haar land aan Sun Biofuels, een Engels bedrijf dat biobrandstoffen produceert. Ze kon haar kinderen niet meer voeden en ze niet meer naar school sturen. Van Paassen benadrukt: “Land is leven. Als dat wegvalt is de impact daarvan enorm.”

Maar er is wat aan te doen. Het belangrijkst, stelt Van Paassen, is dat de lokale gemeenschappen goed geïnformeerd en betrokken worden bij beleid: “Nothing about us, without is” vat ze het in een slogan samen. Zelf kun je indirect helpen. Consumeer minder dierlijke producten, omdat hier de meeste landbouwgrond voor nodig is. Dat is deel van de oplossing op de lange termijn. Zoomers voegt hieraan toe dat er ook direct actie moet komen, niet van consumenten maar van overheden. Anders is het voor Ethiopië te laat. Liever geen handelsmissie dus, maar hulp.

Bekijk de lezing ‘De een zijn brood’. Volgende week in deze serie: ‘Verandering van bovenaf’. Moet de VN meer macht krijgen om de wereld te verduurzamen? En hoe balanceer je als politicus tussen idealisme en pragmatisme?

24/02/2016 LANDac-IASC co-organized panel

LANDac and the International Association for the study of the commons (IASC) are co-organizing a panel during a European Regional IASC conference in Bern, Switzerland, from 10-13 May 2016:

Large scale investments in land and Infrastructure in Africa, Asia and Latin America: what are the consequences for the commons – what is the maneuvering space for collective action?

Central question: What are the implications of large scale investments in land and infrastructure for the commons – what is the maneuvering space for collective action ? What new kind of civic-public and civic-private partnership do we see, what do these mean for local people’s capacity to develop their own plans – What are the consequences for ‘development as a freedom’?

European companies and funding agencies (often under the cover of various public –private partnerships) are very much involved in large scale investments in land and infrastructure development in various African, Asian and Latin American countries. Large-scale land investments in food and biofuels, but also in urban infrastructure, hydrodams, tourism complexes etc. are contributing to the rapid transformation of the landscapes, restricting people’s access to open commons (land, water, forests etc.) and leading to enclosures and fragmentation or competing claims. Local groups are increasingly under pressure as the consequence of three spatial trends which each is limiting local people’s manoeuvring space (Zoomers 2010): The rapid expansion of food and biofuels promote worldwide ‘monocultivation’, i.e., expansion of the areas used for industrial monocrops, for example soya, oil palm and sugar cane (Borras & Franco 2014; Budidarsono et al. 2014; Cotula 2012, 2014). Even though this might contribute to economic growth (employment, income etc.), it often goes at the cost of freedom of choice. Becoming an outgrower or plantation worker is the only way to benefit, but producing monocrops often make producers more vulnerable (price and climate variability). Second, there is a rapid increase of ‘no-go areas’ as consequence of large scale investments in (eco)-tourism and, in particular, the boom of REDD+ in the context of climate mitigation. Facilitated through multilateral funding for reducing forest emissions, thousands of forest emission projects are currently being implemented on large areas of land in countries with remaining forest frontiers. Even though local people are supposed to share the benefits (e.g. providing ecological services), levels of remuneration are low and the cost of losing access to common pool resources is often higher than the benefits. In addition, large-scale tourism development (usually at beautiful sites) is occurring in many countries, and is often followed by real estate booms and rapidly rising land prices. In addition, processes of landscape destruction are increasingly a cause of exclusion and displacement. Governments in countries such as Mozambique, Peru, Indonesia, Zambia and Nigeria have generously provided enormous concessions for the exploitation of oil, gas, bauxite, etc. In countries such as China, Vietnam, Brazil and Ecuador, large-scale investments are made in hydropower dams, often in the context of climate change mitigation (green energy), forcing local people to move or become resettled (Pham Huu 2015; Tanner & Allouche 2011). Local groups are at best compensated for their loss of land, but the amount they receive is in many cases not enough to rebuild their livelihood in new locations.

In this panel we aim to analyse the consequences of large-scale investments in land and infrastructure, by focusing in particular on what happens to the commons (local people’s access and use of natural resources). Current discussions are very much driven by questions such as how to stimulate ‘green inclusive growth’, ‘protecting local people’s rights’ (FPIC etc.) and taking care of ‘fair’ compensation. But what are the implications for local people’s manoeuvring space to ‘have the life they value – their capacity to develop their own plans and pursueing collective action? What new kind of civic-public and civic-private partnership do we see, what kind of negotiations are taking place? Do these help to defend ‘development as a freedom’?

Contributions by:

Hsing-Sheng Tai: “Commons, local people, and collective action amid large scale investments: an indigenous case study from Taiwan”

Christoph Oberlack: “Sustainable livelihoods through large-scale land acquisitions? Patterns, processes and potentials”,

Elyne Doornbos”Defending Social and Environmental Justice: Land Grabbing, Instrumental Freedoms & Politics ‘from below’ in the Context of Nicaragua’s Interoceanic Gran Canal”.

Dear Dr. Esther Leemann – Collective Action against Policies of Exclusionary Development in Cambodia”, has been uploaded properly.

Murtah Read tbc

Kei Otsuki and Annelies Zoomers

8 maart: Lancering LAND RIGHTS NOW campaign

Lancering Land Rights Now campaign

8 maart 13.00 – 14.30

Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken, Den Haag

De ’Global Call to Action on Indigenous and Community Land Rights’ is een initiatief van OxfamRights and Resources Initiative en de International Land Coalition. De Global Call heeft als doel wereldwijd gemeenschappen, organisaties, overheden en individuen te mobiliseren om het areaal aan land dat onder  controle is van inheemse of lokale gemeenschappen binnen de komende 5 jaar te verdubbelen. De Global Call roept wereldwijd op om het belang van landrechten hoog op de agenda te zetten en landrechten van inheemse volkeren en lokale gemeenschappen veilig te stellen. Op dit momenthebben zich al meer dan 300 organisaties aangesloten bij het ondersteunen van de Global Call.

Tijdens de lancering zullen diverse sprekers ingaan in op het belang van de erkenning van landrechten voor lokale en inheemse gemeenschappen. Dit is essentieel voor zaken als inclusieve economische ontwikkeling, behoud van biodiversiteit en het bestrijden van klimaatsverandering.  Speciale aandacht zal daarbij uitgaan naar het belang van betere landrechten voor vrouwen en de positie van vrouwen in land conflicten.

Aan het einde van de bijeenkomst zullen aanwezigen bij de lancering van Global Call en deelnemers  aan de High Level Land Governance Multi Stakeholder Dialoog – die aansluitend tussen 15.00 en 17.00 uur zal plaalsvinden – uitgenodigd worden om de Call te ondertekenen.

Meer informatie over het programma en de sprekers: Programma lancering GCA. Een bevestiging van deelname moet gestuurd worden naar: nona.bouwman@oxfamnovib.nl.

New study on Dutch floriculture investments in eastern Africa and the impacts on local food security

The Netherlands Academy on Land Governance (LANDac)/ IDS Utrecht University has conducted a scoping study on Dutch flower farms, land governance and local food security in eastern Africa within the Food & Business Knowledge Platform (F&BKP). While earlier research focused mainly on evaluating the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of floriculture investments, there is still a significant knowledge gap on the land governance arrangements around the investments, and how the investments impact local food security. In this report, the complex linkages between land governance – policies and regulations governing the access to and use of land – and how they relate both directly and indirectly to local food security have been studied. The study found that floriculture investments have both negative and positive impacts on local development and local food security: through land use changes and land acquisition processes; through job creation and employment conditions and; through technology and knowledge transfers.

 

Download the report ‘Flowers for food?’ here

Background

The findings of the Dutch flower sector contributions to local development and food security are based on field research that was conducted in four countries hosting communities of Dutch flower farmers, namely Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and Ethiopia. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with flower company representatives and their employees, neighbouring households as well as key informants such as local chiefs and elders, businesspersons active in the food sector, government employees and representatives from NGOs.

“Flowers for food?” Key findings

The study highlights complex and multi-level impacts of Dutch private investments on local food security in the four countries. A first impact is through land use change. Flower farms have been established on land that was previously used for different purposes, including: smallholder farming and food production; pastureland and forests; floriculture and other cash crops; or land that was uncultivated. The land use change is one of the impacts on local food security. In terms of acquisition, land was usually acquired through the market or the state, with consultation of local communities being rather limited or taking place on a voluntary basis.

While land acquisition has often decreased local people’s access to land, and sometimes food production, the establishment of the flower farms has generated needed employment opportunities through a labour intensive industry, especially amongst women. Employment therefore is the primary contribution of Dutch floriculture investors in eastern Africa: through waged labour, employees gain access to food. These impacts were found to be complex, especially because most employees originated from other parts of the countries and established themselves in the areas following the establishment of flower farms. This in turn has led to higher food prices at local markets, yet it has also stimulated local economic activities.

Examples showed that the floriculture sector can, under certain circumstances, transfer knowledge and contribute to local agricultural development with well-thought-out mechanisms in place. An example is provided by the smallholder out-grower scheme that is showcased in the report and serves as evidence that floriculture can be modified so that it can be practiced at smaller scales by local smallholder farmers. Such a setting contributes to increasing local food security through agricultural knowledge transfer and changing perceptions about agriculture and its potential to make a business out of it.

Knowledge agenda

The Netherlands is a primary producer of flowers in eastern Africa. At the same time, the Dutch government views private sector investments as levers for poverty alleviation and inclusive growth, and envisions a contribution to food security by those means. However the current study, as well as another study carried out within the F&BKP that focused on the fruit and vegetable sector, shows that linkages between the investments and impacts locally are often complex and therefore more research needs to be done to uncover these relationships. Moreover, there is a need to stimulate the dialogue between different stakeholders, including the floriculture sector.

In response to this need, LANDac developed a knowledge agenda around land governance and food security. Three country-specific learning platforms in Uganda, Ghana and Ethiopia have been set up, while Utrecht University (International Development Studies) in collaboration with Kenyan, Ethiopian, Ghanaian and Dutch partners has embarked on a long-term research project called, ‘Follow the food’. In order to contribute to the dialogue between different stakeholders, LANDac presents the outcomes of their research at several occasions, including its multi-stakeholder think-tank the LANDforum, its annual summer school and meetings with different partners such as the World Bank, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Netherlands Enterprise Agency. The possibility of follow-up field studies of community-level attitudes and ideas for collaboration in areas of Dutch flower farms in close collaboration with the flower farmers is currently being explored. For more related activities, keep an eye on the F&BKP website or contact Vanessa Nigten (vanessa.nigten@ knowledge4food.net) or Gemma Betsema (g.betsema@uu.nl).

16/02/2016 EXTENDED DEADLINE CALL FOR ABSTRACTS 26 FEBRUARY 2016

Due to several requests, we are glad to announce that the deadline for our Call for abstracts – extended deadline is extended until Friday 26 February 2016. You can still send in your abstracts to landacconference2016@gmail.com until Friday (including Friday).

 

The LANDac Annual International Land Conference will take place on 30 June – 1 July 2016 in Utrecht, the Netherlands. The Conference is organized by the Netherlands Academy on Land Governance (LANDac) and its partners and focuses on ‘Large-scale land acquisition in the context of urban sprawl and climate change: Linking the rural and the urban’. In various panels, the conference aims to analyse the global land rush in the context of rapid urbanisation and climate change, aspects that until now have remained under researched.

 

We are inviting abstract submissions for papers, posters and other forms of contributions on the topics outlined in the call. You are kindly invited to submit your abstract of no more than 300 words to landacconference2016@gmail.com by 26 February 2016 mentioning ‘LANDac conference 2016’ in the subject line. Abstracts should be written in English and submitted in a Word-file. The organizing committee will decide on the selection of abstracts.

 

Please note that the Conference precedes our 7th LANDac Summer school ‘Land Governance for Development’ (4-15 July 2016, Utrecht). Participants of the Conference can also register for this annual two-week course which provides a multidisciplinary analysis of the various dimensions of land governance in Africa, Asia, Latin America and beyond. Find out more about this opportunity on our call for abstracts.

 

In case of any questions, please contact the conference organizers through: landacconference2016@gmail.com. We are very much looking forward to your contributions to make this conference an inspiring event!